In order to enforce an arbitration award in Egypt, an enforcement order must be obtained by the competent Court of Appeal, providing that such arbitration award does not contravene the Egyptian public order or morality, and does not deal with rights over immovable properties located in Egypt, personal status or criminal issues.

In general, there is no restriction on foreign ownership of entities incorporated in Egypt except for limited cases such as entities: (i) undertake the activities of importation for the resale purpose , commercial agencies, and/or intermediary business; and, or (ii) are located or doing business in Sinai.

The Egyptian legal system is primarily based on the French civil legal system, various other European codes and religious law. In practice, religious law is applied only to personal status and family matters which are governed by the religious law of the individual concerned. The fundamental and organic law of Egypt is the Constitution thereof, which Constitution was passed in a referendum in Jan 2014 and amended in Apr 2019.

Generally, the Egyptian law does not recognize the concept of piercing the corporate veil, therefore, the liability of shareholders, in general, in Joint Stock Companies or allotment holders in Limited Liability Companies is only limited to the paid-up capital except in some limited cases.

SH&P provides a comprehensive range of corporate and commercial legal services in Egypt, covering a wide spectrum of core practice areas and specialized sub-practices.
The firm’s key practice areas include Banking & Finance; Capital Markets, with expertise in funds, insurance, factoring, leasing, microfinance, and mortgage finance; and Corporate, including general corporate advisory, company formation; Corporate Governance, Mergers and Acquisitions, liquidation, regulatory compliance, commercial agreements, as well as structuring and restructuring, antitrust matters and consumer protection; and Dispute Resolution, including litigation, arbitration, and Special Investment Dispute Settlement Schemes; Employment, including corporate immigration and general employment matters; Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs), covering copyright, industrial designs, patent, plant varieties, trade secrets, and trademarks; and Public Procurement, including general public procurement, public business procurement; Tax matters, including capital gains, income tax, stamp duty, value-added tax (VAT), and withholding tax; Telecoms, Media & Technology (TMT); and Trade, including anti-dumping, international trade, and local trading.
These services are complemented by the firm’s ongoing day-to-day corporate advisory, ensuring comprehensive legal support tailored to clients’ business needs.

Yes. SH&P advises multinational companies, foreign investors, and business groups operating or investing in Egypt on Banking & Finance; Capital Markets, Corporate, Corporate Governance, Mergers and Acquisitions, Dispute Resolution, Employment, Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs), Public Procurement, Tax matters, Media & Technology (TMT); and Trade.

As a general rule, Egypt permits foreign investors to establish and own companies without a statutory limitation on foreign ownership. However, foreign investment remains subject to sector-specific restrictions and regulatory approvals.
However, certain regulated activities either restrict foreign ownership or impose additional eligibility requirements before a foreign investor may establish or acquire an interest in an Egyptian company. These include, inter alia, importation activities for resale or trading purposes, commercial agency and intermediary activities, and certain investment projects carried out in the Sinai Peninsula. Investors intending to undertake regulated activities should therefore verify the applicable ownership restrictions, licensing requirements, and any minimum capital or nationality requirements prior to proceeding with the investment.
Furthermore, foreign investors may be required to obtain prior security clearance and/or other governmental approvals depending on the nature of the proposed investment, the business activity and the investor's nationality. Accordingly, foreign investors should conduct an early regulatory assessment to determine whether the proposed investment is subject to any ownership restrictions, licensing requirements or prior governmental approvals, as these may affect both the transaction structure and the anticipated implementation timetable.

A corporate law firm in Egypt supports M&A transactions by conducting comprehensive legal due diligence and advising on the applicable legal and regulatory framework governing the transaction.
Legal due diligence is a fundamental element of the transaction process, enabling the purchaser to identify legal, regulatory, and commercial red flags before committing to the transaction. It also assists in assessing the target’s legal status, confirming ownership of shares or assets, identifying existing or potential liabilities, evaluating compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and determining whether any regulatory approvals, third-party consents, or remedial actions are required prior to completion.
In addition, legal support includes advising on the structure of the transaction—whether merger or acquisition—ensuring compliance with the Companies Law, Capital Markets Law, and Antitrust Law, and handling procedural requirements such as preparation of transaction documents, corporate approvals, valuation processes, and regulatory filings with authorities such as the Egyptian Competition Authority (ECA) and the Financial Regulatory Authority (FRA).

Egyptian law generally recognises separate corporate personality and limited shareholder liability in joint stock companies and limited liability companies. However, certain exceptions may apply depending on the company type, legal structure, shareholder or management conduct, and the specific circumstances of each case.